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+// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/05/Memory.hdl
+
+/**
+ * The complete address space of the Hack computer's memory,
+ * including RAM and memory-mapped I/O. 
+ * The chip facilitates read and write operations, as follows:
+ *     Read:  out(t) = Memory[address(t)](t)
+ *     Write: if load(t-1) then Memory[address(t-1)](t) = in(t-1)
+ * In words: the chip always outputs the value stored at the memory 
+ * location specified by address. If load==1, the in value is loaded 
+ * into the memory location specified by address. This value becomes 
+ * available through the out output from the next time step onward.
+ * Address space rules:
+ * Only the upper 16K+8K+1 words of the Memory chip are used. 
+ * Access to address>0x6000 is invalid. Access to any address in 
+ * the range 0x4000-0x5FFF results in accessing the screen memory 
+ * map. Access to address 0x6000 results in accessing the keyboard 
+ * memory map. The behavior in these addresses is described in the 
+ * Screen and Keyboard chip specifications given in the book.
+ */
+
+CHIP Memory {
+    IN in[16], load, address[15];
+    OUT out[16];
+
+    PARTS:
+    // RAM16K
+    Not(in=address[14], out=notaddr14);
+    And(a=notaddr14, b=load, out=loadRAM16K);
+    RAM16K(in=in, load=loadRAM16K, address=address[0..13], out=outRAM16K);
+    // Screen
+    Not(in=address[13], out=notaddr13);
+    And(a=notaddr13, b=address[14], out=screenaddr);
+    And(a=screenaddr, b=load, out=loadScreen);
+    Screen(in=in, load=loadScreen, address=address[0..12], out=outScreen);
+    // Keyboard
+    Keyboard(out=outKeyboard);
+    Mux16(a=outScreen, b=outKeyboard, sel=address[13], out=scrkbd);
+    Mux16(a=outRAM16K, b=scrkbd, sel=address[14], out=out);
+}